Diagnostic errors refer to mistakes or inaccuracies in the process of identifying a patient's medical condition. These errors can occur at any level of the healthcare system, including during history-taking, physical examinations, lab tests, imaging studies, and interpretation of findings. Diagnostic errors can lead to delayed or incorrect treatments, unnecessary procedures, and adverse outcomes for patients. Research in this area aims to understand the factors that contribute to diagnostic errors, develop strategies to reduce these errors, and improve patient safety and outcomes. This includes studying cognitive biases, communication breakdowns, system failures, and technological interventions to enhance diagnostic accuracy and reduce errors.